Key Pointsĭissolved oxygen in the ocean is crucial for the biological cycles of all organisms. These results indicate that some species are resilient to changes of dissolved oxygen and temperature generated by El Niño events and by continuing deoxygenation, although other species with more limited environmental windows could be affected by deoxygenation, probably leading to a change of the pelagic ecosystem over time. During the warm El Niño event of 2015–2016, a tropical larval fish habitat ( Auxis spp.) associated with Tropical Surface Water appeared to change the larval habitat distributions. The upper limit of suboxic conditions (44 μmol/kg) and the surface in association with the Gulf of California Water, with Benthosema panamense as the indicator species. A series of cruises between 20 indicated a significant vertical expansion of low oxygen waters. The present state of deoxygenation in the northern limits of the shallow oxygen minimum zone off Mexico is examined in order to detect its effects on larval fish habitats and consider the sensitivity of fish larvae to decreased dissolved oxygen.
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